How to Choose the Right X-Ray Garment

Medical imaging procedures such as fluoroscopy, C-arm imaging, and interventional radiology expose clinicians to scatter radiation on a routine basis. Over time, repeated occupational exposure can increase the risk of long-term health concerns, which is why following radiation safety practices—including the use of appropriate protective apparel—is essential.

Organizations such as the CDC emphasize the importance of following ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principles, which include minimizing exposure time, maximizing distance from the radiation source, and wearing properly designed personal protective equipment (PPE).

Selecting the right X-ray apparel helps ensure clinicians remain protected, comfortable, and able to perform procedures efficiently.

Essential Types of X-Ray Protective Apparel

Healthcare professionals working near imaging equipment typically rely on several types of radiation protection garments.

Lead Aprons

Lead aprons provide core protection by shielding critical organs such as the heart, lungs, and reproductive organs from scatter radiation. Research published in the Journal of Clinical Orthopaedic Trauma indicates that properly designed 0.5 mm lead-equivalent aprons can attenuate up to 99% of scatter radiation when used correctly.

Aprons are available in multiple styles, including:

• Front protection

• Wraparound designs

• Vest-and-skirt configurations

• Specialty maternity designs

Selecting the correct configuration helps balance protection, mobility, and ergonomic comfort.

Thyroid Shields

The thyroid gland is particularly sensitive to radiation exposure, making thyroid collars an essential component of protective apparel. Studies published in the European Journal of Radiology and Korean Journal of Pain demonstrate that properly fitted thyroid shields can significantly reduce exposure to this sensitive organ.

A snug fit is important to ensure consistent coverage during procedures.

Radiation Protection Eyewear

The eyes are also vulnerable to radiation exposure, particularly during high-dose or prolonged procedures. Radiation protection glasses are designed to reduce lens exposure and help lower the risk of radiation-related cataracts. Research published in Physica Medica shows that protective eyewear can meaningfully reduce radiation exposure to the eyes.

Key Factors to Consider When Choosing X-Ray Apparel

Selecting the right radiation protection garments involves evaluating several important factors.

Fit and Comfort

Proper fit is essential for both protection and wearability. Garments should:

• Provide full anatomical coverage

• Distribute weight evenly

• Allow comfortable movement during procedures

Well-fitted garments also reduce fatigue and improve long-term compliance with safety protocols.

Lead Equivalency and Thickness

Radiation protection garments are rated by lead equivalency, which reflects their shielding capability. Typical guidelines include:

• Aprons: commonly 0.25–0.5 mm lead equivalency depending on procedure type

• Thyroid shields: typically 0.5 mm lead equivalency

• Eyewear: commonly 0.5–0.75 mm lead equivalency

Higher exposure procedures may require greater shielding, while lighter garments may be suitable for lower-dose environments. Facilities should consult their Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) when determining appropriate protection levels.

Material Options

Traditional lead remains a highly effective shielding material due to its density, but newer composite and lead-free materials are also available. These may incorporate metals such as tungsten, bismuth, barium, tin, or antimony to provide protection while reducing garment weight.

Some studies have shown that lighter composite garments can reduce physical strain for clinicians who wear protective apparel for extended periods, though material selection should always align with procedural exposure requirements.

Maintaining X-Ray Apparel for Long-Term Protection

Protective garments must be properly maintained to remain effective. Recommended best practices include:

• Annual radiographic inspections to detect cracks or tears

• Routine cleaning and disinfection

• Proper hanging storage to prevent folding damage

• Prompt removal of compromised garments from service

Research published in the Journal of Health Physics shows that small defects can expand over time, emphasizing the importance of routine inspection and preventative maintenance.

Making the Right Choice for Your Facility

Choosing the right X-ray apparel involves balancing protection level, comfort, procedural requirements, and staff workflow needs. Facilities that evaluate garment fit, shielding performance, and maintenance practices are better positioned to maintain strong radiation safety programs and long-term clinician protection.

At Z&Z Medical, we help imaging departments, interventional suites, cath labs, and other imaging facilities evaluate radiation protection apparel options to ensure teams receive protection that is both effective and comfortable for everyday clinical use. Because when protective apparel fits properly and performs reliably, safety becomes part of the workflow—not an added burden. Email us at info@zzmedical.com to learn more or to ask us a question anytime.